Understand everything about spermatocele

  • On 14/10/2025
The spermatocele is a benign cyst-like formation that develops in the epididymis. This structure is located above the testicle and serves to store and mature sperm.

What is a spermatocele?

A spermatocele is a benign (non-cancerous) cyst that forms in the epididymis, a small structure located above and behind the testicle.
It contains a clear or milky fluid, often mixed with sperm.

In other words, it is a fluid-filled sac that develops along the path of the ducts thru which sperm pass.
It is soft, painless, and harmless, unless it becomes large or bothersome.

Causes of Spermatocèle

The exact causes of spermatoceles are not always known, but several factors can contribute to their occurrence:

Obstruction of a duct of the epididymis

  • It is the most frequent cause.
  • A small canal that carries sperm gets blocked, leading to an accumulation of fluid and the formation of a cyst.

Inflammation or infection

  • An epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis) or an orchitis (inflammation of the testicle) can cause damage and block the ducts.
    Testicular trauma

 

  • A shock or blow to the scrotum can disrupt the circulation of fluid in the ducts and cause a cyst.

Aging

  • With age, the ducts of the epididymis can become more fragile or blocked more easily.
  • Spermatocele is more common in men over 40 years old.

Idiopathic (unknown) causes

  • Sometimes, no specific cause is identified: the spermatocele forms spontaneously without a visible triggering factor.

Symptoms of Spermatoceles

In the majority of cases, spermatoceles do not cause any symptoms and are discovered by chance during a medical examination or ultrasound.
However, when the cyst grows, some signs may appear here:

Frequent symptoms

  • Small, painless lump above or behind the testicle.
  • Feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotum.
  • Increase in the volume of the scrotum (often on one side only).
  • Discomfort during sexual intercourse or certain positions.

Less frequent symptoms (cases of large spermatoceles)

  • Slight pain or pulling sensation in the testicle.
  • Discomfort when walking or sitting for extended periods.
  • Sometimes a feeling of pressure in the scrotum.

How to detect a spermatocele

The diagnosis of a spermatocele is based on several simple steps, aimed at confirming that it is indeed a benign cyst and ruling out any other cause (such as a testicular tumor).

Clinical examination (palpation)

The doctor begins by palpating the scrotum:

  • He feels a soft, smooth, and painless mass located above or behind the testicle.
  • The testicle itself is normal, clearly distinct from the cyst.
  • Transillumination (passing light thru the scrotum) can be used: the spermatocele allows light to pass thru because it contains fluid.

Testicular ultrasound

It is the most reliable exam.
It allows:

  • Confirm the liquid nature of the mass (cystic and not solid).
  • Determine the size and exact location of the cyst.
  • Exclude testicular cancer or other abnormalities (hydrocele, varicocele, etc.).

What treatments to prevent the development of a spermatocele

Medical treatment

Most often, no treatment is necessary if the spermatocele is small and painless.
However:

  • If it becomes bothersome or painful, surgery (spermatocelectomy) may be offered to remove it.
  • Painkillers or anti-inflammatories can relieve mild pain.

Natural treatment (as a complement)

Although no natural remedy can make a spermatocele disappear, certain measures can help relieve the discomfort:

  • Wear supportive underwear to reduce heaviness.
  • Apply cold compresses in case of discomfort.
  • Eat a balanced diet and avoid chronic inflammation (reduce alcohol, tobacco, fatty foods).

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Bitter taste

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